As a kind of rotating equipment for conveying materials, centrifugal pumps are widely used in electric power, metallurgy, coal, building materials and other industries to convey slurry containing solid particles.
Main Structure
The main parts of centrifugal pumps are suction chamber, impeller and pressurized water chamber. The suction chamber is located in front of the water inlet of the impeller and plays the role of guiding the liquid to the impeller. The pressurized water chamber mainly has three forms of spiral pressurized water chamber (volute type), guide vane and space guide vane. The impeller is the most important of the pump. The important working element is the heart of the flow part. The impeller consists of a cover plate and a middle blade.
Working principle
Before the centrifugal pump works, operator needs to fill the pump with liquid, and then start it. The impeller rotates quickly. The blades of the impeller drive the liquid to rotate. When the liquid rotates, it flows to the outer edge of the impeller by inertia. At the same time, the impeller sucks in the liquid from the suction chamber.
In this process, the liquid in the impeller flows around the blades. And the liquid acts on the blades. In turn, the blades act on the liquid with a force equal to the lift and in the opposite direction. This force make the liquid get energy and flow out of the impeller, at this time the kinetic energy and pressure energy of the liquid both increase.
The mechanical energy of the prime mover is transferred to the liquid by the action of the rotating impeller on the liquid. Due to the action of the centrifugal pump, when the liquid flows from the inlet of the impeller to the outlet, its speed and pressure energy are increased. The liquid discharged by the impeller passes through the extruding chamber, and most of the speed can be converted into pressure energy, and then transported along the discharge pipeline.
At this time, vacuum or low pressure is formed at the inlet of the impeller due to the discharge of liquid. The liquid in the suction pool is pressed into the inlet of the impeller under the action of the liquid surface pressure (atmospheric pressure). As a result, the rotating impeller continuously sucks and discharges liquid.
